During the Hughe

During the Hughes, Stone, and Vinson Courts (1930–1953), the court gained its own accommodation in 1935[24] and changed its interpretation of the Constitution in order to facilitate Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal (West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish,[25] Wickard v. Filburn),[26] giving a broader reading to the powers of the Federal Government.[27]

The Warren Court (1953–1969) made many rulings, sometimes celebrated, sometimes controversial, expanding the application of the Constitution to civil liberties, leading a renaissance in substantive due process.[28] It held segregation in public schools unconstitutional (Brown v. Board of Education);[29] that the Constitution protects a general right to privacy (Griswold v. Connecticut);[30] that public schools cannot have official prayer (Engel v. Vitale)[31] or mandatory Bible readings (Abington School District v. Schempp);[32] that many guarantees of the Bill of Rights apply to the states (e.g., Mapp v. Ohio,[33] Miranda v. Arizona);[34] found an equal protection clause is contained in the Fifth Amendment (Bolling v. Sharpe);[35] and that the Constitution grants the right to a court-appointed attorney[36] for those unable to afford one (Gideon v. Wainwright).[36]

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